3Zb _Z ;L^^
_SP -;, ?0>?
GZVY i]Z cZlh VWdji
7E6 Vc Y ndj½aa hZZ
Zk^YZcXZ X^iZY i]Vi i]Z
XdbedjcY ^h hV[Z# 7ji
VgZ i]ZhZ VhhZgi^dch _jhi
Zmead^i^c\ djg a^b^iZY
hX^Zci^ÄX a^iZgVXn4 =ZgZ½h
]dl id YZXdYZ i]Z
ediZci^Va d W[jhXVi^dc#
-;, /0109>0% K_\ c\m\cj
f] 9G8 k_Xk g\fgc\ Xi\
\ogfj\[ kf Xi\ k_fljXe[j
f] k`d\j cfn\i k_Xe k_\
k_i\j_fc[ k_Xk <G8 _Xj
[\k\id`e\[ kf Y\ jX]\%
?=@0 -@?% Aljk Y\ZXlj\
_ldXe \ogfjli\ `j Y\cfn
k_\ <G8 k_i\j_fc[ [f\jeËk
d\Xe n\Ëi\ jX]\% K_\ <G8
jkXe[Xi[# \jkXYc`j_\[ `e
k_\ (0/'j# `j YXj\[ fe
kiX[`k`feXc kfo`Zfcf^p
iXk_\i k_Xe \e[fZi`efcf^p%
9G8 `j X jpek_\k`Z
_fidfe\# n_`Z_ d\Xej
k`ep [fj\jÇ`e k_\
gXikj$g\i$Y`cc`fe iXe^\Ç
dXp Y\ [Xe^\iflj kff%
^ifn`e^ Yf[p f] _ldXe
[XkX k_Xk jlggfik n_Xk
cXY jZ`\ek`jkj Xi\ Ôe[`e^%
9lk k_\ [XkX n`cc e\m\i Y\
[\Ôe`k`m\ Y\ZXlj\ `kËj
`dgfjj`Yc\ kf Ôe[ X
Zfekifc ^iflg f] _ldXej
n`k_ ef 9G8 \ogfjli\%
-;, /0109>0% Dfjk f]
k_\ \m`[\eZ\ f] X[m\ij\
_\Xck_ \]]\Zkj Zfd\j ]ifd
iXk Xe[ dflj\ jkl[`\j%
?=@0 -@?% 8e`dXc
\og\i`d\ekj Xi\ ZilZ`Xc
`e kfo`Zfcf^p% JZ`\ek`jkj
[feËk ]\\[ _ldXej
gfk\ek`Xccp _Xid]lc
Z_\d`ZXcj% JdXcc
dXddXcj jlZ_ Xj iXkj
Xe[ d`Z\ Xi\ XZZ\gk\[ Xj
X gifop# Y\ZXlj\ k_\`i
Y`fcf^p `j j`d`cXi kf flij%
8e[ j`eZ\ g\fgc\ Xi\
\ogfj\[ kf 9G8 `e k_\`i
[X`cp c`m\j# k_\i\ `j X
-;, /0109>0% @e[ljkip$
]le[\[ jkl[`\jÇn_`Z_
j_fn ef X[m\ij\ \]]\Zkj
]ifd 9G8 `e iXkj Xe[
d`Z\ÇXi\ cXi^\i k_Xe k_\
`e[\g\e[\ek jkl[`\j# jf
k_\p Xi\ dfi\ jkXk`jk`ZXccp
j`^e`ÔZXek%
?=@0 -@?% <m\e cXi^\
jkl[`\j ZXe Y\ ÕXn\[%
8ZX[\d`Zj Xe[ ^fm\ie$
d\ek 9G8 i\j\XiZ_\ij
k\e[ kf Zfe[lZk jdXcc\i
jkl[`\j kf jki\kZ_ k_\`i
^iXek [fccXij# Ylk k_\j\
kff ZXe XZ_`\m\ jkXk`jk`ZXc
j`^e`ÔZXeZ\% J\m\iXc
`e[ljkip jkl[`\j _Xm\
ÕXnj k_Xk ZXjk [flYk fe
k_\`i ZfeZclj`fej%
]le[\[ jkl[`\j Xi\ Y\kk\i
Y\ZXlj\ k_\p Zfdgcp
n`k_ >ff[ CXYfiXkfip
GiXZk`Z\j%
84> 70,/492% >CG `j X
i\Zfi[$b\\g`e^ gifkfZfc
[\j`^e\[ kf gi\m\ek ]iXl[
Xk cXYj k_Xk _Xm\ X
ÔeXeZ`Xc jkXb\ `e k_\
flkZfd\ f] k_\`i
\og\i`d\ekj% @e[\g\e[\ek
jZ`\ek`jkj [feËk lj\ >CG2
`ejk\X[ k_\p Xi\ jZilk`$
e`q\[ Yp g\\i i\m`\n\ij#
^iXek X[d`e`jkiXkfij# Xe[
aflieXc \[`kfij%
-;, /0109>0% @e[ljkip$
aZii^c\ bdidg^hih iVa` dc i]Z^g XZaa e]dcZh Wn Vg\j^c\ i]Vi i]Z
VYYZY egd YjXi^k^in djilZ^\]h i]Z Xdhi d[ VXX^YZcih# I]gZZ nZVgh
aViZg! ^c V =VgkVg Y"[jc YZY hij Yn! i]Z hVbZ gZhZVgX]Zgh [djc Y
i]Vi cdi id WZ igjZ#¼ 6 bdgZ gZXZci ZmVbeaZ/ >c '%%*! i]Z XZciZg
ej Wa^h]ZY V hij Yn XdcXaj Y^c\ i]Vi »\dkZgcbZci VYk^hdg^Zh dc
Åh] Xdchjbei^dc Vc Y bZgXjgn bVn Yd bdgZ ]Vgb i]Vc \dd Y¼0
i]Z aZVY gZhZVgX]Zg Y^Yc¾i Y^hXadhZ i]Vi bdhi d[ i]Z hij Yn¾h
^c [jc Y^c\ lVh jc YZglg^iiZc Wn i]Z Jc^iZY HiViZh
IjcV ;djc YVi^dc#
7VX` ^c DXid WZg &..&! ^c V aZiiZg id E]^a^e Bdgg^h dWiV^cZY
i]gdj\] i]Z VgX]^kZh d[ idWVXXd"^cYjhign ÅaZh gZaZVhZY Yjg^c\
a^i^\Vi^dc VcY bV^ciV^cZY Wn i]Z Jc^kZgh^in d[ 8Va^[dgc^V! HVc
;gVcX^hXd <gV]Vb YZbdchigViZY ]dl =8G6
XdjaY gZXVhi deedh^i^dc id gZ\jaVi^dc Vh XdcXZgc
[dg i]Z \gZViZg \dd Y# >c i]Z 9#8# YZWViZ dc [jZa"
ZŨX^ZcXn hiVcYVgYh! ]Z cdiZY! »LZ ]VkZ jg\ZY
Xdch^YZgVi^dc d[ i]Z hV[Zin g^h`h VhhdX^ViZY l^i]
hbVaaZg kZ]^XaZh#¼ I]Z aZiiZg XdcXaj YZY l^i] Vc
VeeZVa [dg bdcZn Vc Y Vc d[[Zg d[ Vhh^hiVcXZ# >c
Vc ^ciZgcVa bZbd! V E]^a^e Bdgg^h ZmZXji^kZ
cdiZY! »9ZeZc Y^c\ dc i]Z ½k^WZh¾ ndj \jnh \Zi
l]Zc ndj bZZi <gV]Vb! > ldjaY Vahd WZ ^c [Vkdg
d[ EB WZXdb^c\ V Xdcig^Wjidg id i]Z XZciZg#¼
L]Zc ^i XVbZ id ^ih 7E6 gZk^Zl! i]Z =VgkVg Y
XZciZg ]ZaY hZkZgVa bZZi^c\h d[ ^ih eVcZa WZilZZc
hjbbZg '%%& VcY '%%'# 7ji i]Zc i]Z gZedgi aVc"
\j^h]ZY [dg ild nZVgh! Yjg^c\ l]^X] i^bZ Ydo"
Zch d[ hij Y^Zh lZgZ gZaZVhZY i]Vi higZc\i]ZcZY
i]Z XVhZ V\V^chi 7E6! ^cXaj Y^c\ V ]jbVc hij Yn
i]Vi a^c`ZY i]Z Xdbedjc Y id dkVg^Vc Xnhih V
XVjhZ d[ ^c[Zg i^a^in CdcZ d[ i]dhZ [^c Y^c\h
bVYZ ^i ^cid i]Z ÅcVa gZedgi# >chiZVY! i]Z gZk^Zl!
ej Wa^h]Z Y ^c i]Z _djgc Va =jb Vc Vc Y : Xdad\^XVa
G^h` 6hh ZhhbZci ^c '%%)! [d Xjh Z Y dc Ina¾h gZh ZVgX]
Vc Y V [Zl di]Zg ^c Yjhign hij Y^Zh i]Vi Ydlc"
eaVnZ Y 7E6¾h ]ZVai] XdcXZgch# I]Z gZk^Zl Xdc"
Xaj YZ Y i]Vi i]ZgZ ^h »cd Xdch^hiZci VŨgbVi^kZ
Zk^YZcXZ d[ adl"YdhZ 7E6 Z[ [ZXih#¼
HZkZgVa bZb WZgh d[ i]Z &'"eZghdc eVcZa
Y^Yc¾i [ZZa Xdb[dgiVWaZ l^i] i]Z XdcXajh^dch#
;djg gZbdkZ Y i]Z^g cVbZh [gdb i]Z hij Yn# DcZ
d[ i]dhZ hX^Zci^hih! BVgk^c BZ^hig^X]! hVnh! »>
Y^hV\gZZ Y l^i] i]Z lVn i]Z ÅcVa gZedgi lVh egZ"
eVgZY#¼ 6[iZg i]Z eVcZa¾h aVhi bZZi^c\! i]Z =Vg"
kVgY XZciZg hZaZXiZY VYY^i^dcVa hijY^Zh id ^cXajYZ
^c ^ih gZk^Zlº»dcZh i]Vi iZc YZY id YZbdchigViZ
cd Z[[ZXih!¼ hVnh BZ^hig^X]# DcZ eVcZa bZb WZg
l]d Y^Y h^\c i]Z gZedgi! 8aVjYZ =j\]Zh! ijgcZY
Vgdjc Y Vc Y aZhh i]Vc V nZVg aViZg ej Wa^h]Z Y V
eVeZg l^i] kdb HVVa ^c :ck^gdcbZciVa =ZVai] EZg"
heZXi^kZh i]Z C>=¾h egZb^Zg _djgcVa i]Vi gZ[jiZY
i]Z =VgkVg Y XZciZg¾h XdcXajh^dch#
>c i]Z Zc Y! =8G6 eV^Y ZkZc i]Z hX^Zci^hih
l]d ejaaZY i]Z^g cVbZh [gdb i]Z gZk^Zl# I]Z
ej Wa^h]Z Y eVeZg¾h VX`cdlaZ Y\bZcih i]Vc`
i]Zb Wn cVbZ [dg i]Z^g »]Zae[ja XdbbZcih Vc Y
\j^YVcXZ#¼ I]Vi! ^c ^ihZa[! ^h V hXdgZ [dg 7E6¾h
YZ[ZcYZgh/ I]ZhZ hX^Zci^hih ]VkZ gVgZ heZX^Vai^Zh
i]Vi ldja Y WZ k^iVaan ^bedgiVci ^[ 7E6 lZgZ id
l^cY je ^c Xdjgi# 6 _j Y\Z XdjaY gjaZ i]Vi i]Zn
-;, /0109>0% Jkl[`\j
j_fn`e^ _Xid ]ifd 9G8
_Xm\ efk Y\\e i\gc`ZXk\[%
9?=@0% K_\ gi`dXip
kXi^\k f] k_`j Zi`k`Z`jd#
Y`fcf^`jk =i\[\i`Zb mfd
JXXc# _Xj _X[ _`j
\og\i`d\ekj i\gc`ZXk\[
Yp dXep fk_\i i\j\XiZ_$
\ij% N_`c\ X ]\n jkl[`\j
_Xm\ ]X`c\[ kf Ôe[
cfn$[fj\ _Xid ]ifd 9G8#
dXep dfi\ _Xm\ j_fne
X gXefgcp f] \]]\Zkj%
